排行榜|【全球最危险机场】:最危险的10座机场都有哪些?
【世界决定视界】【视界决定世界】
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本期导读：航空事故是指航空器因为人为或非人为因素导致事故出现，可以按严重性分为三大类：航空器失事（或称“空难”）（Accident）、航空重大意外（Serious Incident）和航空意外（Incident）。
航空器失事需符合以下其中一项条件：有人受到严重伤害或性命损失；航空器出现结构性损毁，影响飞行性能从而需要维修；航空器失踪或完全损毁。
拒不完全统计，自1923年至今造成至少50人死亡的空难，包含商业航班、军事航班和货运航班，记录有超过500次，共有超过540架飞机坠毁，事故地点包括所有7大洲和3大洋，,500人。其中的200起空难造成至少100人死亡，32起造成至少200人死亡，8起造成至少300人死亡，4起导致了超过500人死亡。
Top 10 Most Dangerous Airports in the World
全球最危险的10座机场
10. 尼泊尔的卢克拉机场
09. 法国的库尔舍维勒国际机场
08. 洪都拉斯的德古斯加巴通孔廷国际机场
07. 圣马丁岛上的朱丽安娜公主国际机场
06. 喜马拉雅深山里的不丹帕罗国际机场
05. 直布罗陀国际机场
04. 南极洲的麦克默多航空站
03. 葡萄牙的马德拉机场
02. 日本冲绳的普天间机场
01. 格陵兰岛的纳尔萨尔苏阿克机场
（每座机场之所以危险的原因可参见后文）
Airline travel is one of the safest forms of public transportation but these dangerous airports still scare people.
In terms of traveling long distances, flying on an airplane is the fastest and easiest way to get to your destination. The only problem is that flat stretches of the runway aren't always available in certain places. This means that pilots have to be particularly skilled to land on a runway that juts out from a mountain or one that appears in a narrow valley. Here are 10 of the most dangerous airports in the world to land at.
10. Lukla Airport in Nepal
10. 尼泊尔的卢克拉机场
The Lukla Airport in Nepal serves as the main airport for those visiting Mt. Everest. Part of what makes this airport so difficult to land in is how it is nestled in between mountains and the incredibly short length of the runway. In fact, the whole terminal is quite small. There are no lights and little electric power, so landing in anything other than perfect conditions becomes even riskier. There are also no air traffic controllers on site, so pilots are on their own to touch down in sometimes large aircraft. It's also one of the highest airports you can find.
09. Courchevel International Airport in France
09. 法国的库尔舍维勒国际机场
Video of a landing at the Courchevel airport went viral last year as it has the shortest runway of any airport at 525 meters (1722 feet). Not only this but the paved runway has a downward gradient of 18.5% which makes taking off even more difficult. To add on top of the already difficult landing, the runway is built right into the Alps where pilots have to fly through a narrow valley even to prepare for descent. If aircraft do not gain enough speed by the end of the runway, they simply fly off the edge of a cliff, hoping for the best.
08. Toncontin Airport, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
08. 洪都拉斯的德古斯加巴通孔廷国际机场
As you may be noticing, airports in mountains become very hard to land at due to the variant terrain and often short approaches. Toncontin Airport is no different. In order for planes to prepare for the descent, they must make a quick 45-degree bank turn to reach the runway in a valley. After this bank, planes must rapidly drop in altitude, being careful not to scrape the terrain directly underneath. High altitude makes flights to this city a real challenge.
07. Princess Juliana International Airport in St. Maarten
07. 圣马丁岛上的朱丽安娜公主国际机场
Like some other runways in Careebeen Sea, Princess Juliana Airport which is located in Saint Maarten is perhaps the most famous on the list, most notable for the public beach situated just before the runway. This placement often results in large and loud gusts of wind and sand to those enjoying the crystal blue water. For the pilots, hitting visitors is the least of their worries. The runway is only 2,179 meters long, which is very short considering the large aircraft that land here requires more than 2,500 meters to ensure a safe landing. Princess Juliana was initially built for smaller planes, but the booming tourist industry has brought A340s and 747s into the regular traffic rotation.
06. Paro Airport in Bhutan, Himalayan Mountains
06. 喜马拉雅深山里的不丹帕罗国际机场
Continuously ranked as one of the most dangerous airports in the world, only 8 pilots are qualified to land on this airstrip. The runway is surrounded by 5,500-meter peaks with a runway only 1981 meters long. Due to the fast descent that large planes need to make to approach the strip, many rank it as the most dangerous airport in the world.
05. Gibraltar International
05. 直布罗陀国际机场
This is probably the most extreme airport in South Europe. While this runway isn't particularly hard to land at, an interesting design feature makes it incredibly dangerous. The main street in the area, Winston Churchill Avenue, intersects the runway and has to be closed when a plane needs to land. There is a stoplight on the road telling cars to stop, but there have been a number of close calls in the airport's history.
04. McMurdo Air Station, Antarctica
04. 南极洲的麦克默多航空站
Not many people travel to Antartica, which means that the airport infrastructure there is significantly lacking. This runway isn't particularly short, but it is made of slick ice which can cause planes to run askew if the landing isn't perfect. Temperatures here are below freezing on average the entire year. In 1970 there as a bad crash of a C-121 that still sits off to the side buried in snow. Many months out of the year it is dark continuously, and due to the lack of lights, pilots are trained to land using night vision goggles.
03. Madeira Airport, Portugal
03. 葡萄牙的马德拉机场
Madeira Airport is one of the few in the world where engineers build a runway platform in order to expand. The landing strip sits between steep cliffs and the shores of the ocean. Pilots simply don't have enough space to land. When an expansion project was planned, designers saw that the only option was to build a series of platforms on an artificial island extending from the current runway. Over 180 columns hold the runway up which have to withstand serious shock loading during landings.
02. MCAS Futenma, Okinawa
02. 日本冲绳的普天间机场
This airport is situated in a US Marine Corps Air Station in Okinawa, Japan. The Navy and the Marine Corps rank it as the most dangerous airport in the world where F/A-18 Hornets and V-22 Osprey continuously land. The area is strategically important to the US military, which is part of the reason it maintains operation. Part of the reason this airport is so dangerous is because high-density housing sits in an area that should be cleared for emergency situations. This makes it one of the worst airports in Asia and a problem for most airlines.
01. Narsarsuaq Airport, Greenland
01. 格陵兰岛的纳尔萨尔苏阿克机场
Similar to Antartica, the extreme airports in cold Greenland are constantly covered in ice. At only 1,800 meters and canvassed in slick ice, this runway is the most difficult in the world for any pilot. The weather is constantly stormy creating intense turbulence and low visibility on approach making it the worst airport in the world for both flight staff as well as passengers. Shear winds affect planes which, coupled with the icy runway, can direct them off course. The nearby active volcano also commonly erupts sending ash into the clouds which can stall and destroy engines. Time of landing is also one of the things you have to consider.
往期精彩：
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